¿Qué es una vía aérea complicada en la actualidad? : Nuevas propuestas de manejo

Lida Marcela Vega Mesa; Daniela Paola Pedroza Camargo; Carlos Alonso Arrieta Henríquez; Adriana Marcela Molina Villegas; Jimmy Andrés Regalado Lancheros

¿Qué es una vía aérea complicada en la actualidad? : Nuevas propuestas de manejo

Lida Marcela Vega Mesa, Daniela Paola Pedroza Camargo, Carlos Alonso Arrieta Henríquez, Adriana Marcela Molina Villegas, Jimmy Andrés Regalado Lancheros

Resumen

Introducción: Una vía aérea complicada sigue siendo un reto para el profesional de la salud, especialmente para el anestesiólogo, y su tratamiento, es una de las tareas de mayor exigencia al representar un riesgo vital. Las guías y algoritmos juegan un papel clave en la preservación de la seguridad del paciente, al recomendar planes y estrategias específicos para abordar la vía aérea difícil prevista o inesperada. Del mismo modo, vale la pena aclarar que actualmente no existen algoritmos de referencia o que sean la última palabra en estos casos, ya que la universalización de la medicina así lo determina. Durante esta revisión sistemática de la literatura deslumbraremos los tipos de vía aérea difícil, así como el qué hacer sugerido en cada uno de los casos.

Objetivo: Describir las características de una vía aérea norma y anormal y así presentar una síntesis de las recomendaciones actualizadas del manejo de la vía aérea difícil.

Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática con términos Mesh, en bases de datos PubMed, Cinicalkey, Medscape, Lilacs, The New England Journal of Medecine y Google Academics desde febrero 2019 hasta la fecha. Se encontró una amplia variedad de artículos, dentro de los cuales se encuentran revisiones sistemáticas, reporte de casos, estudios retrospectivos, estudios multicéntricos y revisiones bibliográficas. Se seleccionaron un total de 40 artículos, los cuales incluían el manejo convencional y nuevas propuestas en el abordaje de una vía aérea complicada.

Palabras clave

Guías, ruptura de vía aérea, edema, algoritmos, vía aérea, vía aérea difícil, anestesia, muerte.

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