Efectividad de la Acupuntura en pacientes con movimientos anormales: Revisión sistemática

Amanda Lucía Naranjo

Resumen


Para abordar la evidencia existente sobre la efectividad del uso de la acupuntura en casos de pacientes con movimientos anormales de diferentes causas se planteó la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura que abordará literatura indizada, gris y recuperada, desde búsquedas manuales.

Objetivo: Aplicar los conocimientos de la Medicina Tradicional China, en específico desde la acupuntura, para el tratamiento de los pacientes con movimientos anormales mediante la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en ocho bases de datos indizadas (PubMed, Ovid -que incluye el material de Cochrane-. Scielo, Redalyc, ProQuest, Lilacs, ScienceDirect y EBSCO Host), de Google Scholar y búsquedas manuales en múltiples buscadores generales. Para cada uno de los artículos seleccionados se aplicó una ficha de síntesis bibliográfica con la cual se analizó la evidencia disponible.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1779 artículos al realizar la búsqueda sistemática, al realizar filtro de los resultados obtenidos se descartaron 25 fuentes repetidas, 5 fuentes no recuperables y se seleccionaron 31 fuentes primarias y secundarias. Estas fuentes hacen énfasis en el rol de la inhibición de productos reactivos del oxígeno que se crean por el metabolismo del ácido férrico, la modulación de metabolitos de la ferritina y la dopamina y de las vías de segundos mensajeros PI-3-quinasa/Akt, en especial con efecto en la sustancia nigra. Los acupuntos mayormente relacionados fueron R3 Taichong y GB34 Yanglingquan. La mayor cantidad de información obtenida se explican en relación con los movimientos anormales de la enfermedad de Parkinson y en menor medida del síndrome de Tourette y la corea de Huntington, los estudios en su mayoría son fuentes primarias (modelos en animales) y secundarias (revisiones de tema y reportes de noticias biomédicas). 

Conclusiones: Los mecanismos moleculares potencialmente asociados a la efectividad de la acupuntura en el tratamiento de pacientes con movimientos anormales, son sintetizados en la evidencia disponible en asociación al metabolismo del hierro y la dopamina, así como el control de la producción de radicales libres, y la activación de vías de segundos mensajeros en la sustancia negra del encéfalo. Los acupuntos de mayor relación en modelos animales y en estudios secundarios son R3 Taichong y GB34 Yanqlingquan.


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